How did st luke die
Seven years passed before Paul returned to the area on his third missionary journey. In Acts , the switch to "we" tells us that Luke has left Philippi to rejoin Paul in Troas in 58 where they first met up. They traveled together through Miletus, Tyre, Caesarea, to Jerusalem. Luke is the loyal comrade who stays with Paul when he is imprisoned in Rome about the year "Epaphras, my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus, sends greetings to you, and so do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers" Philemon And after everyone else deserts Paul in his final imprisonment and sufferings, it is Luke who remains with Paul to the end: "Only Luke is with me" 2 Timothy Luke's inspiration and information for his Gospel and Acts came from his close association with Paul and his companions as he explains in his introduction to the Gospel: "Since many have undertaken to set down an orderly account of the events that have been fulfilled among us, just as they were handed on to us by those who from the beginning were eyewitnesses and servants of the word, I too decided, after investigating everything carefully from the very first, to write an orderly account for you, most excellent Theophilus" Luke Luke's unique perspective on Jesus can be seen in the six miracles and eighteen parables not found in the other gospels.
Luke's is the gospel of the poor and of social justice. He is the one who tells the story of Lazarus and the Rich Man who ignored him. Luke is the one who uses "Blessed are the poor" instead of "Blessed are the poor in spirit" in the beatitudes. Only in Luke's gospel do we hear Mary 's Magnificat where she proclaims that God "has brought down the powerful from their thrones, and lifted up the lowly; he has filled the hungry with good things, and sent the rich away empty" Luke Luke also has a special connection with the women in Jesus' life, especially Mary.
It is only in Luke's gospel that we hear the story of the Annunciation, Mary's visit to Elizabeth including the Magnificat, the Presentation, and the story of Jesus' disappearance in Jerusalem. It is Luke that we have to thank for the Scriptural parts of the Hail Mary: "Hail Mary full of grace" spoken at the Annunciation and "Blessed are you and blessed is the fruit of your womb Jesus" spoken by her cousin Elizabeth.
Forgiveness and God's mercy to sinners is also of first importance to Luke. Only in Luke do we hear the story of the Prodigal Son welcomed back by the overjoyed father. Only in Luke do we hear the story of the forgiven woman disrupting the feast by washing Jesus' feet with her tears. That he used written documents seems evident on comparing his Gospel with the other two Synoptic Gospels, Matthew and Mark.
All three frequently agree even in minute details; but in other respects there is often a remarkable divergence, and to explain these phenomena is the Synoptic Problem. Luke alone give an account of the infancy of Christ; both accounts are independent. But when they begin the public preaching they describe it in the same way, here agreeing with St.
Mark ends, the two others again diverge. They agree in the main both in matter and arrangement within the limits covered by St. Mark, whose order they generally follow. Frequently all agree in the order of the narrative, but, where two agree, Mark and Luke agree against the order of Matthew, or Mark and Matthew agree against the order of Luke; Mark is always in the majority, and it is not proved that the other two ever agree against the order followed by him.
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Within the limits of the ground covered by St. Mark, the two other Gospels have several sections in common not found in St. Mark, consisting for the most part of discourses, and there is a closer resemblance between them than between any two Gospels where the three go over the same ground. The whole of St. Mark is practically contained in the other two.
Luke have large sections peculiar to themselves, such as the different accounts of the infancy, and the journeys towards Jerusalem in St. The parallel records have remarkable verbal coincidences. Sometimes the Greek phrases are identical, sometimes but slightly different, and again more divergent. There are various theories to explain the fact of the matter and language common to the Evangelists.
Some hold that it is due to the oral teaching of the Apostles , which soon became stereo-typed from constant repetition. Others hold that it is due to written sources, taken down from such teaching. Others, again, strongly maintain that Matthew and Luke used Mark or a written source extremely like it. In that case, we have evidence how very closely they kept to the original.
The agreement between the discourses given by St. Matthew is accounted for, by some authors, by saying that both embodied the discourses of Christ that had been collected and originally written in Aramaic by St. The long narratives of St. Luke not found in these two documents are, it is said, accounted for by his employment of what he knew to be other reliable sources, either oral or written.
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Several other works on the subject are given in the literature at the end of this article. Very few writers have ever had their accuracy put to such a severe test as St. Luke, on account of the wide field covered by his writings, and the consequent liability humanly speaking of making mistakes; and on account of the fierce attacks to which he has been subjected.
Harnack does not hesitate to say that these attacks were shameful, and calculated to bring discredit, not on the Evangelist , but upon his critics; and Ramsay is but voicing the opinion of the best modern scholars when he calls St. Luke a great and accurate historian. Wherever archaeology has afforded the means of testing St. For some of the details see Acts of the Apostles.
For the sake of illustration, one or two examples may here be given: I Sergius Paulus, Proconsul in Cyprus. Luke says, Acts, xiii, 7, that when St. Paul visited Cyprus in the reign of Claudius Sergius Paulus was proconsul anthupatos there. Grotius asserted that this was an abuse of language, on the part of the natives, who wished to flatter the governor by calling him proconsul, instead of proprietor antistrategos , which he really was; and that St.
Luke used the popular appellation.
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Even Baronius Annales, ad Ann. But this is all a mistake. There can be no doubt that in the reign of Claudius, when St. Paul visited it, Cyprus was under a proconsul anthupatos , as stated by St. Numerous coins have been discovered in Cyprus , bearing the head and name of Claudius on one side, and the names of the proconsuls of Cyprus on the other.
The Politarchs in Thessalonica. The word is not found in the Greek classics; but there is a. Here we find the word used by St. Luke together with the names of several such politarchs, among them being names identical with some of St. The geographical, municipal, and political knowledge of St. They also had lictors rabdouchoi , after the manner of real praetors.
His references to Ephesus , Athens, Corinth , are altogether in keeping with everything that is now known of these cities. Paul taught in the school of Tyrannus, in the city of Socrates he discussed moral questions in the marketplace. Luke mentions Acts, xviii, 2 that when St. Paul was at Corinth the Jews had been recently expelled from Rome by Claudius, and this is confirmed by a chance statement of Suetonius.
He tells us ibid. There is no direct evidence that he was proconsul in Achaia , but his brother Seneca writes that Gallio caught a fever there, and went on a voyage for his health. The description of the riot at Ephesus Acts, xix brings together, in the space of eighteen verses, an extraordinary amount of knowledge of the city, that is fully corroborated by numerous inscriptions, and representations on coins, medals, etc.
There are allusions to the temple of Diana one of the seven wonders of the world , to the fact that Ephesus gloried in being her temple-sweeper, her caretaker neokoros , to the theatre as the place of assembly for the people, to the town clerk grammateus , to the Asiarchs, to sacrilegious ierosuloi , to proconsular sessions, artificers, etc. The ecclesia the usual word in Ephesus for the assembly of the people and the grammateus or town-clerk the title of a high official frequent on Ephesian coins completely puzzled Cornelius a Lapide, Baronius, and other commentators, who imagined the ecclesia meant a synagogue, etc.
Gfrorrer, B. Bauer, Hilgenfeld, Keim, and Holtzmann assert that St. Luke perpetrated a gross chronological blunder of sixty years by making Lysanias, the son of Ptolemy, who lived 36 B. Luke would have gone out of his way to run the risk of making such a blunder, for the mere purpose of helping to fix the date of the public ministry.
Fortunately, we have a complete refutation supplied by Scharer, a writer by no means over friendly to St. Luke, as we shall see when treating of the Census of Quirinius. His territories extended on the east towards Damascus , and on the south embraced Panias, and part, at least, of Galilee. Lysanias the older succeeded his father Ptolemy about 40 B.
After his death his kingdom was gradually divided up into at least four districts, and the three principal ones were certainly not called after him. A certain Zenodorus took on lease the possessions of Lysanias, 23 B. On the death of Zenodorus in 20 B. This is called the tetrarchy of Zenodorus by Dion Cassius.
It has been generally supposed that this is the Zenodorus just mentioned, but it is uncertain whether the first ysanias was ever called tetrarch. It is proved from the inscriptions that there was a genealogical connection between the families of Lysanias and Zenodorus, and the same name may have been often repeated in the family.
Coins for 32, 30, and 25 B. Another tetrarchy sliced off from the dominions of Zenodorus lay to the east between Chalcis and Damascus , and went by the name of Abila or Abilene. Claudius, in A. Lysanias I inherited the Iturean empire of his father Ptolemy, of which Abila was but a small and very obscure portion.
Calchis in Coele- Syria was the capital of his kingdom, not Abila in Abilene. He reigned only about four years and was a. There is no reason why any portion of his kingdom should have been called after his name rather than theirs; and it is highly improbable that Josephus speaks of Abilene as called after him seventy years after his death.
As Lysanias I was king over the whole region, one small portion of it could not be called his tetrarchy or kingdom, as is done by Josephus Bel. The existence of such a. Augusti Sebastoi in the plural was never used before the death of Augustus , A. The first contemporary Sebastoi were Tiberius and his mother Livia, i. An inscription at Heliopolis, in the same region, makes it probable that there were several princes of this name.
Lately an attempt has been made to ascribe the Magnificat to Elizabeth instead of to the Blessed Virgin. These tend to such close agreement that their combined evidence is single rather than threefold. They are full of gross blunders and palpable corruptions, and the attempt to pit their evidence against the many thousands of Greek, Latin, and other MSS.
If the evidence were reversed, Catholics would be held up to ridicule if they ascribed the Magnificat to Mary. The three MSS. No portion of the New Testament has been so fiercely attacked as Luke, ii, Schurer has brought together, under six heads, a formidable array of all the objections that can be urged against it. Unspoken Elements offers prayer beads, rosaries, and Christian jewelry designed and handmade in the USA since Privacy Policy Terms of Service.
Who Was Saint Luke? Luke's Role in the New Testament The Gospel of Luke presents one of the most comprehensive accounts of Jesus' life, ministry, death, and resurrection. Luke as a Historian and Theologian Luke's contributions to the New Testament are significant not just for their theological content, but also for their historical value.
Saint Luke in the Christian Liturgical Calendar In Protestant traditions, particularly in denominations like Anglicanism and Lutheranism, Luke is remembered primarily for his biblical contributions rather than being venerated as a saint in the same way as in Catholic or Orthodox traditions. Closing Thoughts Luke's gospel and the Book of Acts provide a rich narrative of the life of Jesus and the early church, with a focus on compassion, healing, and the work of the Holy Spirit.
Also in Rejoice In Hope. Beyond the flowers, chocolates, and greeting cards, the holiday has deep historical and religious roots. Christians around the world commemorate the baptism of Jesus during the holiday of Epiphany , celebrated on January 6th. Appearance to the Disciples Luke - Jesus appears to His disciples, showing His wounds and explaining the Scriptures.
Ascension of Jesus Luke - Jesus blesses His disciples and ascends into heaven, leaving them with joy and worship. These events highlight the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus as recorded in the Gospel of Luke. Themes 1. Salvation for All People Luke emphasizes that salvation through Jesus is available to all, regardless of social status, ethnicity, or gender.
St luke biography of: This FREE downloadable PDF offers a detailed biographical profile of St. Luke the Evangelist. Learn about his life and legacy, explore the rich history of his Evangelist gospel, and gain a greater understanding of the many contributions he made to the early Christian Church.
This theme is introduced early in the narrative. Luke - Simeon declares, "For my eyes have seen Your salvation, which You have prepared in the sight of all people, a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and for glory to Your people Israel. Prayer Luke frequently highlights the importance of prayer in Jesus' life and teachings. Luke - "When all the people were being baptized, Jesus was baptized too.
And as He was praying, heaven was opened. Compassion for the Marginalized Luke portrays Jesus as having a special concern for the poor, sinners, and outcasts. Reversal of Fortunes The theme of reversal, where the lowly are lifted and the mighty are brought low, is prevalent in Luke. Luke - Mary proclaims, "He has brought down rulers from their thrones, but has exalted the humble.
He has filled the hungry with good things, but has sent the rich away empty. Discipleship and Cost of Following Jesus Luke emphasizes the demands and rewards of true discipleship. Luke - "So they pulled their boats up on shore, left everything, and followed Him. Forgiveness and Repentance The Gospel underscores the importance of repentance and the availability of forgiveness.
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Luke - John the Baptist preaches "a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. Luke - Jesus says, "I must preach the good news of the kingdom of God to the other towns as well, because that is why I was sent. Son of the Most High Luke - This title emphasizes Jesus' divine origin and His unique relationship with God, indicating His authority and preeminence.
Savior Luke - Jesus is identified as the one who brings salvation to humanity, fulfilling God's promise of redemption. A Light for Revelation to the Gentiles Luke - Jesus is portrayed as the one who brings enlightenment and truth to the non-Jewish nations, expanding God's covenant to all people. Glory of Your People Israel Luke - This title reflects Jesus as the fulfillment of Israel's hopes and prophecies, bringing honor and completion to God's chosen people.
Teacher Luke - Jesus is recognized for His authoritative teaching, imparting wisdom and understanding of God's kingdom. Prophet Luke - Jesus is seen as a prophet, one who speaks God's truth and performs mighty works, reminiscent of the prophets of old. Son of Man Luke - This title, used frequently by Jesus, highlights His humanity, His role in suffering and redemption, and His eschatological significance.
Master Luke - Jesus is acknowledged as a leader and guide, one who commands respect and obedience from His followers. The Chosen One Luke - This title affirms Jesus as God's selected and beloved servant, fulfilling divine purposes and prophecies. King Luke - Jesus is hailed as a king, symbolizing His sovereign rule and the establishment of God's kingdom on earth.
The Stone the Builders Rejected Luke - This metaphorical title refers to Jesus as the cornerstone of God's plan, initially rejected but ultimately foundational. Lord Luke - Post-resurrection, Jesus is recognized as Lord, affirming His divine authority and victory over death. Each of these titles and roles contributes to a comprehensive understanding of Jesus' identity and mission as presented in the Gospel of Luke.