Mahatma gandhi father name
After British authorities arrested Gandhi in , he pleaded guilty to three counts of sedition. Although sentenced to a six-year imprisonment, Gandhi was released in February after appendicitis surgery. When violence between the two religious groups flared again, Gandhi began a three-week fast in the autumn of to urge unity.
He remained away from active politics during much of the latter s. Wearing a homespun white shawl and sandals and carrying a walking stick, Gandhi set out from his religious retreat in Sabarmati on March 12, , with a few dozen followers. By the time he arrived 24 days later in the coastal town of Dandi, the ranks of the marchers swelled, and Gandhi broke the law by making salt from evaporated seawater.
The Salt March sparked similar protests, and mass civil disobedience swept across India.
The biography of gandhi pdf
Approximately 60, Indians were jailed for breaking the Salt Acts, including Gandhi, who was imprisoned in May Still, the protests against the Salt Acts elevated Gandhi into a transcendent figure around the world. Gandhi was released from prison in January , and two months later he made an agreement with Lord Irwin to end the Salt Satyagraha in exchange for concessions that included the release of thousands of political prisoners.
The agreement, however, largely kept the Salt Acts intact. But it did give those who lived on the coasts the right to harvest salt from the sea. Hoping that the agreement would be a stepping-stone to home rule, Gandhi attended the London Round Table Conference on Indian constitutional reform in August as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.
The conference, however, proved fruitless. The public outcry forced the British to amend the proposal.
Biography of mahatma gandhi
With his health failing, Gandhi was released after a month detainment in Gandhi played an active role in the negotiations, but he could not prevail in his hope for a unified India. Instead, the final plan called for the partition of the subcontinent along religious lines into two independent states—predominantly Hindu India and predominantly Muslim Pakistan.
Violence between Hindus and Muslims flared even before independence took effect on August 15, Afterwards, the killings multiplied. Gandhi toured riot-torn areas in an appeal for peace and fasted in an attempt to end the bloodshed. Some Hindus, however, increasingly viewed Gandhi as a traitor for expressing sympathy toward Muslims.
In , after the Transvaal government passed an ordinance regarding the registration of its Indian population, Gandhi led a campaign of civil disobedience that would last for the next eight years. During its final phase in , hundreds of Indians living in South Africa, including women, went to jail, and thousands of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even shot.
Finally, under pressure from the British and Indian governments, the government of South Africa accepted a compromise negotiated by Gandhi and General Jan Christian Smuts, which included important concessions such as the recognition of Indian marriages and the abolition of the existing poll tax for Indians. He supported the British war effort in World War I but remained critical of colonial authorities for measures he felt were unjust.
He backed off after violence broke out—including the massacre by British-led soldiers of some Indians attending a meeting at Amritsar—but only temporarily, and by he was the most visible figure in the movement for Indian independence.
The biography of gandhi
The iconic Indian activist, known for his principle of nonviolent resistance, had humble beginnings and left an outsized legacy. As part of his nonviolent non-cooperation campaign for home rule, Gandhi stressed the importance of economic independence for India. He particularly advocated the manufacture of khaddar, or homespun cloth, in order to replace imported textiles from Britain.
Invested with all the authority of the Indian National Congress INC or Congress Party , Gandhi turned the independence movement into a massive organization, leading boycotts of British manufacturers and institutions representing British influence in India, including legislatures and schools. Kheda in Gujarat had suffered a severe drought in , leaving them unable to pay exorbitant taxes imposed by the British due to crop failures and epidemic outbreaks Mahatma Gandhi rallied around these farmers afterwards and demanded that the proceeds be withheld.
Eventually, the government relented and adopted a policy of tax exemptions in and and the re-admission of confiscated properties. Intervened in a dispute between mill owners and workers in cutting epidemic wages. He urged them to beat them without resorting to violence and began a fast unto death. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returned to India in and took an active part in the Indian National Congress, a movement dedicated to Indian independence.
It became a larger movement and more involved in all sections of society. The movement was a spectacular success. It forced the British government to make concessions, including the release of political prisoners and the repeal of the Rowlatt Act, a law that gave the British the right to imprison individuals without trial. Nevertheless, the group witnessed a few riots, especially the Chauri Chaura incident.
In the process, a group of protesters set fire to a police station, leaving 22 police officers tragically dead. In response to these riots, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi acted to end the Movement in , as he felt that the riots went against his creed of non-violence but that the movement had already aroused a surge in nationalist interest in India, which paved the way for subsequent campaigns.
The main goal of the campaign was to oppose the British salt tax, a symbol of British subjugation. Accompanied by a group of devoted followers, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi embarked on a mile journey from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal village of Dandi. There, they ignored British law by extracting salt from seawater. This seemingly simple act of salt-making was illegal under British rule, a direct affront to British sovereignty.
The Salt Satyagraha proved a great success, capturing the hearts and minds of the Indian people. Its pitch meant wider dividends and forced the British administration to bend to some concessions. In addition, it inflamed the spirit of civil disobedience, inspiring movements such as boycotts of foreign clothing and mass refusal to pay taxes.
The aim of this important campaign was unequivocal — to force the British to leave India immediately, without a date.
Biography of gandhi for kids: Mahatma Gandhi, the revered Indian leader and advocate of nonviolent resistance, inspired a nation to fight for independence from British rule through peaceful means, leaving an enduring legacy in history.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi kind of advocated after non-violent protest and civil disobedience. The group attracted people from all walks of life, including a broad Indian population. The Quit India Movement stands as one of the most important political movements in Indian history. However, the campaign was not without violence and witnessed extreme violence and brutal repression at the hands of the British authorities.
The biography of gandhi in hindi
Thousands were imprisoned and tragically lost their lives. These efforts were made to challenge British domination and take India to independence. This dramatic event came as a peaceful protest precisely against the imposition of the British salt duty, an unfair tax that caused great hardship to the Indian people. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, accompanied by a group of devoted followers, embarked on a mile trek from Sabarmati to Dandi.
There, in open defiance of British rule, they laboriously produced their salt. His influence resonated deeply and served as a source of inspiration for countless other leaders and professionals. Icons like Martin Luther King Jr. However, amid this respect and universal acclaim, Gandhi was assassinated by a Hindu nationalist for strongly opposing his policy of religious tolerance on 30 January His life and teachings are celebrated in India every year on Gandhi Jayanti, his birth anniversary, a national holiday honouring his enduring legacy.
The world was plunged into sorrow on 30 January , when Mahatma Gandhi, the revered father of the Indian nation, met his tragic end. His assassination sent shockwaves rippling across the globe, sparking an outpouring of grief and indignation throughout India. As Gandhi embarked on his customary walk to the evening prayer meeting in New Delhi, Godse approached and, at point-blank range, fired three fatal shots.
In India, the government declared a National Day of Mourning, and the nation came to a standstill. Schools, businesses, and government offices shuttered their doors, and the streets filled with mourners paying their heartfelt tributes to their departed leader. Yet, his legacy of non-violent resistance, along with his unwavering dedication to social justice and equality, continues to ignite the spirits of people around the world to this very day.
About 5 pm in the afternoon of the next day, he went to the Gardens of Birla house, and suddenly, a man from the crowd came out and bowed before him. Then Godse fired three bullets at his chest and stomach, who was Mahatma Gandhi. Gandhi was in such a posture that he to the ground. Mahatma Gandhi achieved several significant accomplishments throughout his life:.
Nonviolent Resistance Satyagraha : Gandhi pioneered the principle of nonviolent resistance, which became a powerful tool in the struggle for civil rights and freedom. His approach influenced numerous global movements for social justice. Indian Independence Movement : Gandhi's leadership in the Indian National Congress was crucial in mobilising mass support for India's independence from British rule.
Social Reforms : Gandhi worked to address social issues within India, such as the caste system and untouchability. His efforts aimed to improve the status and rights of marginalised communities, including the "Harijans" or untouchables. Promoting Unity and Harmony : Gandhi advocated for Hindu-Muslim unity and sought to bridge communal divides, particularly during the tumultuous period leading up to and following India's independence.
Influence on Global Movements : Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence and civil disobedience inspired leaders and movements worldwide, including Martin Luther King Jr. Gandhi's legacy continues to influence contemporary social and political movements, demonstrating the enduring power of his principles. On this day, many schools host events where students perform plays and sing patriotic songs.
Gandhi believed it was his duty to defend India's rights. Mahatma Gandhi had a significant role in attaining India's independence from the British. He had an impact on many individuals and locations outside India. Peacefully winning India's independence, he altered the course of history worldwide. What was people's reaction after Nathuram Godse killed Mahatma Gandhi?
After killing Mahatma Gandhi, Nathuram Godse tried to kill himself but could not do so since the police seized his weapons and took him to jail. After that, Gandhiji's body was laid in the garden with a white cloth covering his face. All the lights were turned off in honour of him. During the three years he spent in England, he was in a great dilemma with personal and moral issues rather than academic ambitions.
The sudden transition from Porbandar's half-rural atmosphere to London's cosmopolitan life was not an easy task for him. And he struggled powerfully and painfully to adapt himself to Western food, dress, and etiquette, and he felt awkward. His vegetarianism became a continual source of embarrassment and was like a curse to him; his friends warned him that it would disrupt his studies, health, and well-being.
Fortunately, he came across a vegetarian restaurant and a book providing a well-defined defence of vegetarianism.
His missionary zeal for vegetarianism helped draw the pitifully shy youth out of his shell and gave him a new and robust personality. He also became a member of the London Vegetarian Society executive committee, contributing articles to its journal and attending conferences. Christian missionary Joseph Doke had written the first biography of Bapu. The best part is that Gandhiji had still not acquired the status of Mahatma when this biography was written.
Mahatma Gandhi's date of birth is October 2, We celebrate every year on October 2nd as Mahatma Gandhi Jayanti. Which are the famous Mahatma Gandhi books? Mahatma Gandhi authored several influential books and writings that have left a lasting impact on the world. Some of his famous books include:. Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule. Satyagraha in South Africa.
Young India. The Essential Gandhi. These books reflect Gandhi's deep commitment to nonviolence, truth, and social justice, making them essential reads for those interested in his life and principles.